Stich, H.-B. & Lampert, W. Predator evasion as an evidence of diurnal vertical migration by zooplankton. Nature 293, 396–398 (1981).
Behrenfeld, M. J. et al. World satellite-observed every day vertical migrations of ocean animals. Nature 576, 257–261 (2019).
Guasto, J. S., Rusconi, R. & Stocker, R. Fluid mechanics of planktonic microorganisms. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 44, 373–400 (2012).
Oteiza, P., Odstrcil, I., Lauder, G., Portugues, R. & Engert, F. A novel mechanism for mechanosensory-based rheotaxis in larval zebrafish. Nature 547, 445–448 (2017).
Cui, J. et al. Nanomagnetic encoding of shape-morphing micromachines. Nature 575, 164–168 (2019).
Park, S.-J. et al. Phototactic steerage of a tissue-engineered soft-robotic ray. Science 353, 158–162 (2016).
Li, G. et al. Self-powered comfortable robotic within the Mariana Trench. Nature 591, 66–71 (2021).
Picardi, G. et al. Bioinspired underwater legged robotic for seabed exploration with low environmental disturbance. Sci. Robotic. 5, eaaz1012 (2020).
Kim, B. H. et al. Three-dimensional digital microfliers impressed by wind-dispersed seeds. Nature 597, 503–510 (2021).
Hu, W., Lum, G. Z., Mastrangeli, M. & Sitti, M. Small-scale soft-bodied robotic with multimodal locomotion. Nature 554, 81–85 (2018).
Kim, Y., Yuk, H., Zhao, R., Chester, S. A. & Zhao, X. Printing ferromagnetic domains for untethered fast-transforming comfortable supplies. Nature 558, 274–279 (2018).
Zhao, Y. et al. Comfortable phototactic swimmer based mostly on self-sustained hydrogel oscillator. Sci. Robotic. 4, eaax7112 (2019).
Lee, Okay. Y. et al. An autonomously swimming biohybrid fish designed with human cardiac biophysics. Science 375, 639–647 (2022).
Palagi, S. et al. Structured gentle permits biomimetic swimming and versatile locomotion of photoresponsive comfortable microrobots. Nat. Mater. 15, 647–653 (2016).
Wang, F. et al. Gentle management of droplets on photo-induced charged surfaces. Natl Sci. Rev. 10, nwac164 (2023).
He, X. et al. Artificial homeostatic supplies with chemo-mechano-chemical self-regulation. Nature 487, 214–218 (2012).
Li, S. et al. Self-regulated non-reciprocal motions in single-material microstructures. Nature 605, 76–83 (2022).
Qian, X. et al. Synthetic phototropism for omnidirectional monitoring and harvesting of sunshine. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 1048–1055 (2019).
Ball, P. Animate supplies. MRS Bull. 46, 553–559 (2021).
Kaspar, C., Ravoo, B., van der Wiel, W., Wegner, S. & Pernice, W. The rise of clever matter. Nature 594, 345–355 (2021).
Weitz, D. A. Comfortable supplies evolution and revolution. Nat. Mater. 21, 986–988 (2022).
Magri, L., Schmid, P. J. & Moeck, J. P. Linear movement evaluation impressed by mathematical strategies from quantum mechanics. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 55, 541–574 (2023).
Camacho-Lopez, M., Finkelmann, H., Palffy-Muhoray, P. & Shelley, M. Quick liquid-crystal elastomer swims into the darkish. Nat. Mater. 3, 307–310 (2004).
Gelebart, A. H. et al. Making waves in a photoactive polymer movie. Nature 546, 632–636 (2017).
Li, C. et al. Supramolecular-covalent hybrid polymers for light-activated mechanical actuation. Nat. Mater. 19, 900–909 (2020).
Bar-Cohen, Y. & Zhang, Q. Electroactive polymer actuators and sensors. MRS Bull. 33, 173–181 (2008).
Christianson, C. et al. ellyfish-inspired comfortable robotic pushed by fluid electrode dielectric natural robotic actuators. Entrance. Robotic. AI 6, 126 (2019).
Chen, X. et al. Relaxor ferroelectric polymer reveals ultrahigh electromechanical coupling at low electrical discipline. Science 375, 1418–1422 (2022).
Shi, Y. et al. A processable, high-performance dielectric elastomer and multilayering course of. Science 377, 228–232 (2022).
Tang, L. et al. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based good hydrogels: design, properties and functions. Prog. Mater. Sci. 115, 100702 (2021).
Chen, C., Kuang, Y. & Hu, L. Challenges and alternatives for photo voltaic evaporation. Joule 3, 683–718 (2019).
Cui, Okay., Yu, C., Ye, Y. N., Li, X. & Gong, J. P. Mechanism of temperature-induced uneven swelling and shrinking kinetics in self-healing hydrogels. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2207422119 (2022).
Zhao, Y. et al. Somatosensory actuator based mostly on stretchable conductive photothermally responsive hydrogel. Sci. Robotic. 6, eabd5483 (2021).
Gao, M., Zhu, L., Peh, C. Okay. & Ho, G. W. Photo voltaic absorber materials and system designs for photothermal water vaporization in direction of clear water and vitality manufacturing. Vitality Environ. Sci. 12, 841–864 (2019).
Bergman, T. L., Incropera, F. P., DeWitt, D. P. & Lavine, A. S. Fundamentals of Warmth and Mass Switch (John Wiley, 2011).
Williams, B. J., Anand, S. V., Rajagopalan, J. & Saif, M. T. A self-propelled biohybrid swimmer at low Reynolds quantity. Nat. Commun. 5, 3081 (2014).
Shin, B. et al. Hygrobot: a self-locomotive ratcheted actuator powered by environmental humidity. Sci. Robotic. 3, eaar2629 (2018).
